home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- /*-
- * Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
- * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
- * must display the following acknowledgement:
- * This product includes software developed by the University of
- * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
- * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
- * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
- * without specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
- * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
- * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
- * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
- * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
- * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
- * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
- * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
- * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
- #if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
- static char sccsid[] = "@(#)qsort.c 5.9 (Berkeley) 2/23/91";
- #endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
-
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
-
- /*
- * MTHRESH is the smallest partition for which we compare for a median
- * value instead of using the middle value.
- */
- #define MTHRESH 6
-
- /*
- * THRESH is the minimum number of entries in a partition for continued
- * partitioning.
- */
- #define THRESH 4
-
- static void insertion_sort(register char *bot,int nmemb,register int size,int (*compar)());
- static void quick_sort(register char *bot,int nmemb,register int size,int (*compar)());
-
- void
- qsort(bot, nmemb, size, compar)
- void *bot;
- size_t nmemb, size;
- int (*compar) __P((const void *, const void *));
- {
-
- if (nmemb <= 1)
- return;
-
- if (nmemb >= THRESH)
- quick_sort(bot, nmemb, size, compar);
- else
- insertion_sort(bot, nmemb, size, compar);
- }
-
- /*
- * Swap two areas of size number of bytes. Although qsort(3) permits random
- * blocks of memory to be sorted, sorting pointers is almost certainly the
- * common case (and, were it not, could easily be made so). Regardless, it
- * isn't worth optimizing; the SWAP's get sped up by the cache, and pointer
- * arithmetic gets lost in the time required for comparison function calls.
- */
- #define SWAP(a, b) { \
- cnt = size; \
- do { \
- ch = *a; \
- *a++ = *b; \
- *b++ = ch; \
- } while (--cnt); \
- }
-
- /*
- * Knuth, Vol. 3, page 116, Algorithm Q, step b, argues that a single pass
- * of straight insertion sort after partitioning is complete is better than
- * sorting each small partition as it is created. This isn't correct in this
- * implementation because comparisons require at least one (and often two)
- * function calls and are likely to be the dominating expense of the sort.
- * Doing a final insertion sort does more comparisons than are necessary
- * because it compares the "edges" and medians of the partitions which are
- * known to be already sorted.
- *
- * This is also the reasoning behind selecting a small THRESH value (see
- * Knuth, page 122, equation 26), since the quicksort algorithm does less
- * comparisons than the insertion sort.
- */
- #define SORT(bot, n) { \
- if (n > 1) \
- if (n == 2) { \
- t1 = bot + size; \
- if (compar(t1, bot) < 0) \
- SWAP(t1, bot); \
- } else \
- insertion_sort(bot, n, size, compar); \
- }
-
- static void
- quick_sort(bot, nmemb, size, compar)
- register char *bot;
- register int size;
- int nmemb, (*compar)();
- {
- register int cnt;
- register u_char ch;
- register char *top, *mid, *t1, *t2;
- register int n1, n2;
- char *bsv;
-
- /* bot and nmemb must already be set. */
- partition:
-
- /* find mid and top elements */
- mid = bot + size * (nmemb >> 1);
- top = bot + (nmemb - 1) * size;
-
- /*
- * Find the median of the first, last and middle element (see Knuth,
- * Vol. 3, page 123, Eq. 28). This test order gets the equalities
- * right.
- */
- if (nmemb >= MTHRESH) {
- n1 = compar(bot, mid);
- n2 = compar(mid, top);
- if (n1 < 0 && n2 > 0)
- t1 = compar(bot, top) < 0 ? top : bot;
- else if (n1 > 0 && n2 < 0)
- t1 = compar(bot, top) > 0 ? top : bot;
- else
- t1 = mid;
-
- /* if mid element not selected, swap selection there */
- if (t1 != mid) {
- SWAP(t1, mid);
- mid -= size;
- }
- }
-
- /* Standard quicksort, Knuth, Vol. 3, page 116, Algorithm Q. */
- #define didswap n1
- #define newbot t1
- #define replace t2
- didswap = 0;
- for (bsv = bot;;) {
- for (; bot < mid && compar(bot, mid) <= 0; bot += size);
- while (top > mid) {
- if (compar(mid, top) <= 0) {
- top -= size;
- continue;
- }
- newbot = bot + size; /* value of bot after swap */
- if (bot == mid) /* top <-> mid, mid == top */
- replace = mid = top;
- else { /* bot <-> top */
- replace = top;
- top -= size;
- }
- goto swap;
- }
- if (bot == mid)
- break;
-
- /* bot <-> mid, mid == bot */
- replace = mid;
- newbot = mid = bot; /* value of bot after swap */
- top -= size;
-
- swap: SWAP(bot, replace);
- bot = newbot;
- didswap = 1;
- }
-
- /*
- * Quicksort behaves badly in the presence of data which is already
- * sorted (see Knuth, Vol. 3, page 119) going from O N lg N to O N^2.
- * To avoid this worst case behavior, if a re-partitioning occurs
- * without swapping any elements, it is not further partitioned and
- * is insert sorted. This wins big with almost sorted data sets and
- * only loses if the data set is very strangely partitioned. A fix
- * for those data sets would be to return prematurely if the insertion
- * sort routine is forced to make an excessive number of swaps, and
- * continue the partitioning.
- */
- if (!didswap) {
- insertion_sort(bsv, nmemb, size, compar);
- return;
- }
-
- /*
- * Re-partition or sort as necessary. Note that the mid element
- * itself is correctly positioned and can be ignored.
- */
- #define nlower n1
- #define nupper n2
- bot = bsv;
- nlower = (mid - bot) / size; /* size of lower partition */
- mid += size;
- nupper = nmemb - nlower - 1; /* size of upper partition */
-
- /*
- * If must call recursively, do it on the smaller partition; this
- * bounds the stack to lg N entries.
- */
- if (nlower > nupper) {
- if (nupper >= THRESH)
- quick_sort(mid, nupper, size, compar);
- else {
- SORT(mid, nupper);
- if (nlower < THRESH) {
- SORT(bot, nlower);
- return;
- }
- }
- nmemb = nlower;
- } else {
- if (nlower >= THRESH)
- quick_sort(bot, nlower, size, compar);
- else {
- SORT(bot, nlower);
- if (nupper < THRESH) {
- SORT(mid, nupper);
- return;
- }
- }
- bot = mid;
- nmemb = nupper;
- }
- goto partition;
- /* NOTREACHED */
- }
-
- static void
- insertion_sort(bot, nmemb, size, compar)
- char *bot;
- register int size;
- int nmemb, (*compar)();
- {
- register int cnt;
- register u_char ch;
- register char *s1, *s2, *t1, *t2, *top;
-
- /*
- * A simple insertion sort (see Knuth, Vol. 3, page 81, Algorithm
- * S). Insertion sort has the same worst case as most simple sorts
- * (O N^2). It gets used here because it is (O N) in the case of
- * sorted data.
- */
- top = bot + nmemb * size;
- for (t1 = bot + size; t1 < top;) {
- for (t2 = t1; (t2 -= size) >= bot && compar(t1, t2) < 0;);
- if (t1 != (t2 += size)) {
- /* Bubble bytes up through each element. */
- for (cnt = size; cnt--; ++t1) {
- ch = *t1;
- for (s1 = s2 = t1; (s2 -= size) >= t2; s1 = s2)
- *s1 = *s2;
- *s1 = ch;
- }
- } else
- t1 += size;
- }
- }
-